Over 100 authors present 25 contributions on the impacts of global change on terrestrial ecosystems including: - critical impacts on processes of the earth system such as the effects of increasing CO2 on the net carbon uptake, and changes in functional biodiversity, - impacts on ecosystem services such as wheat production and carbon storage in croplands, and - impacts on the most sensitive regions in the world including the high latitudes and Southeast Asia. Finally, the book explores fundamental new research developments such as identifying spatial thresholds and nonlinearities, the key role of urban development in global biogeochemical processes, and the need for stronger integration of natural and human dimensions in addressing the challenge of global change.