The mechanisms by which cancer gene variants work are still not understood, but recent progress toward that goal is presented in this volume. The relevance of genomics, genetics, and proteomics in the initiation and promotion of cancer cells is reviewed, as are signals and translational research. Other topics include a biomolecular survey of cell signals; the role of cell-to-cell communication and cancer; exogenous and endogenous steroids in cancer induction and promotion; signals and molecular targets in human cancer tissue and cells; cell migration and adhesion; the immune system-tumor cell interaction; gene expression and silencing; and therapeutic targeting of molecular markers in hematologic malignancies.