Academic Entrepreneurship in Europe

This book contributes to our understanding of the process of spin-off creation and development in environments outside the high-tech clusters of the US. It explores the process of spin-off creation and development in several European countries selected to reflect the diversity of the institutional environment. A multi-level approach to examine the process of spin-off creation and development is then adopted. In particular, units of analysis involving universities, technology transfer offices, spin-off firms, finance providers and individual entrepreneurs and teams are analysed via extensive quantitative and qualitative studies that highlight different levels of the process. To conclude, policy implications for the future successful development of spin-offs are identified.