Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceuticals and Biopharmaceuticals

Freeze-drying has recently been adopted by the pharmaceutical industry as a standard method for the production of stable solid preparations and this is the first book to specifically describe this process. The emphasis is on the properties of the materials processed, how effective formulations are arrived at, stored and marketed. In addition it looks at the processes and equipment involved, including: the physics, chemistry and biochemistry associated with freezing, aspects of formulation development, primary and secondary drying: the economics and engineering of scaling up; and attributes of the dried product. This book is an indispensable reference for the biopharmaceutical industry and academics.