In this book leading profesionals in the semiconductor microelectronics field discuss the future evolution of their profession. The following are some of the questions discussed: *Does CMOS technology have a real problem? *Do transistors have to be smaller or just better and made of better materials? *What is to come after semiconductors? *Superconductors or molecular conductors? *Is bottom-up self-assembling the answer to the limitation of top-down lithography? *Is it time for Optics to become a force in computer evolution? *Quantum Computing, Spintronics? *Where is the printable plastic electronics proposed 10 years ago? *Are carbon nanotube transistors the CMOS of the future?