The present volume gives a comprehensive overview on the current state of basic and clinical research on Anxiety and Anxiolytic Drugs. Using newly developed methods and techniques researchers are now beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms of anxiety, anxiety disorders and their treatment. In parallel, new drug targets have been generated and the first clinical studies with new compounds have been started. In 20 chapters written by numerous experts in the field comprehensive information on all relevant topics is provided. Table of Contents Learning and memory by C. T. Wotjak 1 Animal models of anxiety by F. Ohl 35 Genetic alterations of the murine serotonergic gene pathway : the neurodevelopmental basis of anxiety by K. P. Lesch 71 Mutagenesis and knockout models : hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system by M. E. Keck and M. B. Muller 113 Mutagenesis and knockout models : NK1 and substance P by A. Bilkei-Gorzo and A. Zimmer 143 Genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders by K. R. Merikangas and N. C. P. Low 163 Interactions between corticotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin : implications for the aetiology and treatment of anxiety disorders by A. C. E. Linthorst 181 Anxiety disorders : noradrenergic neurotransmission by A. Neumeister and R. J. Daher and D. S. Charney 205 Pathophysiology and pharmacology of GABA[subscript A] receptors by H. Mohler and J.-M. Fritschy and K. Vogt and F. Crestani and U. Rudolph 225 Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission by C. G. Parsons and W. Danysz and W. Zieglgansberger 249 Neurobiology and treatment of anxiety : signal transduction and neural plasticity by C. H. Duman and R. S. Duman 305 Neuropeptides in anxiety modulation by R. Landgraf 335 Neuroendocrine aspects of PTSD by R. Yehuda 371 Anxiety disorders : clinical presentation and epidemiology by R. Lieb 405 Transcultural issues by M. T. Lin and K.-M. Lin 433 Challenge studies in anxiety disorders by M. E. Keck and A. Strohle 449 Pharmacotherapy of anxiety by J. R. Nash and D. J. Nutt 469 New pharmacological treatment approaches for anxiety disorders by A. Strohle 503 Pharmacogenomics by E. B. Binder and F. Holsboer 527 Pharmacoproteomics by C. W. Turck 547