Freeze-drying

Thanks to their many years of experience in freeze-drying, the authors here are able to supply valuable criteria for the selection of laboratory, pilot and production plants, discussing the advantages, drawbacks and limitations of different plant designs. As such, this book describes the fundamentals of freeze-drying, not just presenting the process in theory, but also illustrating it with many practical examples. In this second, completely revised edition, process and plant automation are introduced in a separate section, accompanied by methods to transfer pilot plant qualifications and process data to production. Throughout, the guidelines for process and plant evaluation and qualifications have been updated and enlarged, while troubleshooting is now concentrated in a section of its own. Finally, the literature has been extended by 100 new quotations, and 100 new tables and figures have been added.