Fatigue of Materials: Advanced and Emergences in Understanding is held during the 2010 Materials Science and Technology meeting at Houston, Texas, in October 2010. The five -session symposium was sponsored by the Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee of ASM International and the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS). This symposium, the fifth in a series on the topic of "Fatigue of Materials", was well represented with abstracts from engineers, technologists and scientists from academia, research laboratories and industries, located both within the USA and several countries overseas. The abstracts chosen for presentation cover a broad spectrum of topics that represent the truly diverse nature of the subject that has grown to become a key area of scientific and applied research.